Bacterial staphylokinase as a promising third-generation drug in the treatment for vascular occlusion.
Reza NedaeiniaHabibollah FarajiShaghayegh Haghjooye JavanmardGordon A FernsMajid Ghayour-MobarhanMohammad GoliBaratali MashkaniMozhdeh NedaeiniaMohammad Hossein Hayavi HaghighiMaryam RanjbarPublished in: Molecular biology reports (2019)
Vascular occlusion is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity. Blood vessel blockage can lead to thrombotic complications such as myocardial infarction, stroke, deep venous thrombosis, peripheral occlusive disease, and pulmonary embolism. Thrombolytic therapy currently aims to rectify this through the administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. Research is underway to design an ideal thrombolytic drug with the lowest risk. Despite the potent clot lysis achievable using approved thrombolytic drugs such as alteplase, reteplase, streptokinase, tenecteplase, and some other fibrinolytic agents, there are some drawbacks, such as high production cost, systemic bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage, vessel re-occlusion by platelet-rich and retracted secondary clots, and non-fibrin specificity. In comparison, bacterial staphylokinase, is a new, small-size plasminogen activator, unlike bacterial streptokinase, it hinders the systemic degradation of fibrinogen and reduces the risk of severe hemorrhage. A fibrin-bound plasmin-staphylokinase complex shows high resistance to a2-antiplasmin-related inhibition. Staphylokinase has the potential to be considered as a promising thrombolytic agent with properties of cost-effective production and the least side effects.
Keyphrases
- pulmonary embolism
- inferior vena cava
- drug induced
- atrial fibrillation
- acute ischemic stroke
- risk factors
- heart failure
- left ventricular
- adverse drug
- cardiovascular events
- emergency department
- coronary artery disease
- stem cells
- early onset
- mesenchymal stem cells
- cardiovascular disease
- type diabetes
- sickle cell disease
- brain injury
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- replacement therapy
- climate change
- human health