Association between mindful and practical eating skills and eating behaviors among racially diverse pregnant women in four selected clinical sites in the United States.

Background: Mindful eating is a promising strategy to address problematic eating behaviors; however, little is known about its applicability during pregnancy. No studies have examined the combined effects of mindful and practical eating skills on eating behaviors. Aim: We examined associations between mindful and practical eating skills and eating behaviors (nutritional intake and emotional eating) among pregnant women who received psychoeducation on healthy eating and pregnancies. Methods: Participants were racially-diverse pregnant women (14-42 years) from four clinical sites in Detroit, Michigan, and Nashville, Tennessee (N = 741). We conducted multiple linear regression to examine associations between mindful (hunger cues, satiety cues, mindful check-ins) and practical (food diary/journal, MyPlate method) eating skills and nutritional intake. We calculated residualized change scores to represent changes in the quality of nutritional intake from second to third trimester. We performed multiple logistic regression to examine associations between mindful and practical eating skills and emotional eating. Results: Women improved over time in eating behaviors (better nutrition, less emotional eating). Regular use of MyPlate was associated with better nutritional intake (unstandardized coefficient [B] = -0.61), but food diaries were not. We found a significant interaction in predicting emotional eating: For those regularly paying attention to hunger cues, some use of MyPlate (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 0.39) and especially regular use of MyPlate (AOR = 0.13) reduced the likelihood of emotional eating during pregnancy. Conclusion: Enhancing both mindful and practical eating skills, such as paying attention to hunger cues, and using the MyPlate method, may facilitate pregnant women's ability to improve their eating behaviors.