Outcomes Associated with the Endourological Management of Stent Encrustation: Findings from a Literature Review on Behalf of the EAU YAU Urolithiasis Group.

There now exist validated tools which can aid in grading the severity of encrustation and aid operative planning such as the total number of surgeries that may be required. Evaluation of different treatment strategies remains under reported. Removal of encrusted stent is a challenging problem, and it typically requires a multimodal endourological approach.