Preliminary evidence for chaotic signatures in host-microbe interactions.

Is microbial pathogenesis a predictable scientific field? At a time when we are dealing with coronavirus disease 2019, there is intense interest in knowing about the epidemic potential of other microbial threats and new emerging infectious diseases. To know whether microbial pathogenesis will ever be a predictable scientific field requires knowing whether a host-microbe interaction follows deterministic, stochastic, or chaotic dynamics. If randomness and chaos are absent from virulence, there is hope for prediction in the future regarding the outcome of microbe-host interactions. Chaotic systems are inherently unpredictable, although it is possible to generate short-term probabilistic models, as is done in applications of stochastic processes and machine learning to weather forecasting. Information on the dynamics of a system is also essential for understanding the reproducibility of experiments, a topic of great concern in the biological sciences. Our study finds preliminary evidence for chaotic dynamics in infectious diseases.