Orthopedic consequences of modern gladiators: a systematic review of lower extremity musculoskeletal issues in retired NFL players.

Mark McClureBrett CookeJoseph ElphingstoneSamuel SchickKyle PaulAchraf JardalyEugene BrabstonAmit MomayaBrent Ponce

Published in: The Physician and sportsmedicine (2022)

This review demonstrates that the effects of NFL-related lower extremity injuries extend beyond the players' careers and present a higher risk for early-onset osteoarthritis and overall frequency of undergoing total knee and hip arthroplasty.

Keyphrases

early onset
late onset
knee osteoarthritis
total knee arthroplasty
rheumatoid arthritis
total hip arthroplasty
high school