Evaluation of the intestinal permeability of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract polyphenols and terpenoids in Caco-2 cell monolayers.
Almudena Pérez-SánchezIsabel Borrás-LinaresEnrique Barrajón-CatalánDavid Arráez-RománIsabel González-ÁlvarezElena IbáñezAntonio Segura-CarreteroMarival BermejoVicente MicolPublished in: PloS one (2017)
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is grown throughout the world and is widely used as a medicinal herb and to season and preserve food. Rosemary polyphenols and terpenoids have attracted great interest due to their potential health benefits. However, complete information regarding their absorption and bioavailability in Caco-2 cell model is scarce. The permeation properties of the bioactive compounds (flavonoids, diterpenes, triterpenes and phenylpropanoids) of a rosemary extract (RE), obtained by supercritical fluid extraction, was studied in Caco-2 cell monolayer model, both in a free form or liposomed. Compounds were identified and quantitated by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS), and the apparent permeability values (Papp) were determined, for the first time in the extract, for 24 compounds in both directions across cell monolayer. For some compounds, such as triterpenoids and some flavonoids, Papp values found were reported for the first time in Caco-2 cells.Our results indicate that most compounds are scarcely absorbed, and passive diffusion is suggested to be the primary mechanism of absorption. The use of liposomes to vehiculize the extract resulted in reduced permeability for most compounds. Finally, the biopharmaceutical classification (BCS) of all the compounds was achieved according to their permeability and solubility data for bioequivalence purposes. BCS study reveal that most of the RE compounds could be classified as classes III and IV (low permeability); therefore, RE itself should also be classified into this category.
Keyphrases
- mass spectrometry
- liquid chromatography
- single cell
- ms ms
- cell therapy
- oxidative stress
- endothelial cells
- drug delivery
- induced apoptosis
- gas chromatography
- healthcare
- multiple sclerosis
- high resolution
- cell death
- tandem mass spectrometry
- genome wide
- dna methylation
- mesenchymal stem cells
- mental health
- anti inflammatory
- computed tomography
- stem cells
- deep learning
- bone marrow
- electronic health record
- magnetic resonance imaging
- gene expression
- big data
- social media
- drug discovery