Identification of clinical predictors of diabetic nephropathy and non-diabetic renal disease in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes, with reference to disease course and outcome.

This study has identified the absence of DR and hypertension, lower-risk CKD heat map category, shorter duration of diabetes, and lower HbA1c as useful clinical predictors of NDRD. Renal biopsy is recommended for patients with T2DM and renal disease to obtain an accurate diagnosis and determine timely disease-specific treatment, which should increase the chance of a good renal outcome.