An unyielding valve leading to venous spasm during pacemaker implantation: a case report.

Darshan Krishnappa Scott Sakaguchi Ganesh KasinadhuniVenkatakrishna N Tholakanahalli

Published in: European heart journal. Case reports (2019)

Prolonged mechanical irritation of the vein during pacemaker implantation may lead to venous spasm impeding pacemaker implantation. Early identification of an impeding valve and obtaining access medial to the valve may help prevent this uncommon complication.

Keyphrases

aortic valve
mitral valve
aortic stenosis
vena cava
transcatheter aortic valve replacement
ejection fraction
left ventricular
heart failure