Late T cell-mediated rejection may contribute to poor outcomes in adolescents and young adults with liver transplantation.

Although poor long-term graft survival in LT in AYA is recognized, detailed epidemiological data are still lacking. L-TCMR may have poor outcomes. This study aimed to provide a detailed, epidemiological assessment of the association between AYA age and rejection. L-TCMR was defined in this study as TCMR with central vein or perivenular inflammation occurring later than 3 months after LT. A total of 342 patients who survived for at least 3 months after LT between 2005 and 2015 were enrolled. The AYA group (10-24 years) was compared with the C group (less than 10 years), and the incidence and outcomes of L-TCMR were analyzed. In total, 342 patients had LT; 38 of these were AYA with the mean follow-up period of 6.7 years. A total of 304 patients in C group had a mean follow-up period of 6.3 years (P = .28). The incidence of L-TCMR in AYA group was significantly higher than in C group (15.8% vs 4.6%, P = .006). The time to L-TCMR after LT was significantly shorter in AYA group (P = .01). Neither patient survival nor the incidence of non-adherence differed significantly between the groups (P = .18 and P = .89). The number of additional immunosuppressants after L-TCMR was significantly higher in the AYA group (P = .04). A high incidence of L-TCMR was observed in AYA group irrespective of non-adherence. AYA patients with L-TCMR should be followed carefully due to the poor results of post-treatment biopsy and the need for intensive immunosuppressive therapy.