Electrochemical Detection of Pyocyanin as a Biomarker for Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Focused Review.
Fatima AlZahra'a AlatraktchiWinnie Edith SvendsenSøren MolinPublished in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) (2020)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a pathogen that is recognized for its advanced antibiotic resistance and its association with serious diseases such as ventilator-associated pneumonia and cystic fibrosis. The ability to rapidly detect the presence of pathogenic bacteria in patient samples is crucial for the immediate eradication of the infection. Pyocyanin is one of PA's virulence factors used to establish infections. Pyocyanin promotes virulence by interfering in numerous cellular functions in host cells due to its redox-activity. Fortunately, the redox-active nature of pyocyanin makes it ideal for detection with simple electrochemical techniques without sample pretreatment or sensor functionalization. The previous decade has seen an increased interest in the electrochemical detection of pyocyanin either as an indicator of the presence of PA in samples or as a tool for quantifying PA virulence. This review provides the first overview of the advances in electrochemical detection of pyocyanin and offers an input regarding the future directions in the field.
Keyphrases
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- label free
- cystic fibrosis
- biofilm formation
- gold nanoparticles
- loop mediated isothermal amplification
- escherichia coli
- staphylococcus aureus
- ionic liquid
- acinetobacter baumannii
- real time pcr
- molecularly imprinted
- induced apoptosis
- electron transfer
- lung function
- oxidative stress
- candida albicans
- case report
- cell proliferation
- intensive care unit
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- acute respiratory distress syndrome
- mechanical ventilation
- multidrug resistant
- respiratory failure
- signaling pathway