The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, Nitric Oxide, and Hydrogen Sulfide at the Crossroads of Hypertension and COVID-19: Racial Disparities and Outcomes.
Tara RanjbarPalak P OzaKhosrow KashfiPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2022)
Coronavirus disease 2019 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 and is more severe in the elderly, racial minorities, and those with comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes. These pathologies are often controlled with medications involving the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). RAAS is an endocrine system involved in maintaining blood pressure and blood volume through components of the system. SARS-CoV-2 enters the cells through ACE2, a membrane-bound protein related to RAAS. Therefore, the use of RAAS inhibitors could worsen the severity of COVID-19's symptoms, especially amongst those with pre-existing comorbidities. Although a vaccine is currently available to prevent and reduce the symptom severity of COVID-19, other options, such as nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide, may also have utility to prevent and treat this virus.
Keyphrases
- sars cov
- coronavirus disease
- angiotensin converting enzyme
- blood pressure
- angiotensin ii
- nitric oxide
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- induced apoptosis
- heart rate
- nitric oxide synthase
- hydrogen peroxide
- cell cycle arrest
- metabolic syndrome
- african american
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- glycemic control
- early onset
- cell death
- signaling pathway
- middle aged
- weight loss
- insulin resistance
- blood glucose
- protein protein