"You okay, honey?": Marital quality and mental health as correlates to couples' compassion.

Compassion is an inherently interpersonal emotion that motivates caretaking behavior. Yet, couples' expressions of compassion have been largely overlooked by researchers. We capitalized on a unique archive of naturalistic recordings to assess the frequency with which married couples ( N = 30) verbally expressed compassion to one another in daily life and tested associations with partners' ratings of marital quality, depression, and neuroticism. A keyword search of hundreds of hours of recordings flagged potential expressions; human coders examined the interpersonal context in each instance to identify the cases that were actual expressions of compassion. The data showed that verbal expressions of compassion were common: Couples were observed offering compassion on average twice per hour. Actor-partner interdependence models (APIMs) tested how the rate at which compassion was expressed to a spouse was linked to the partners' reports of marital quality, depression, and neuroticism. There was evidence for a hypothesized partner effect: husbands offered more compassion to wives who reported more depressive symptoms. An unexpected pattern emerged indicating that husbands' personal distress was associated with more frequent compassion expressions. In particular, husbands who perceived their marriages as lower quality and husbands who reported more neuroticism offered more compassion. Our findings highlight the distinction between the internal emotional experience versus verbal expressions of compassion and suggest that some partner compassion behaviors may reflect hypervigilance and compulsive caretaking triggered by distress. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).