Chromogranin A Deficiency Confers Protection From Autoimmune Diabetes via Multiple Mechanisms.
Neetu SrivastavaHao HuAnthony N VomundOrion J PetersonRocky L BakerKathryn HaskinsLuc TeytonXiaoxiao WanEmil R UnanuePublished in: Diabetes (2021)
Recognition of β-cell antigens by autoreactive T cells is a critical step in the initiation of autoimmune type1 diabetes. A complete protection from diabetes development in NOD mice harboring a point mutation in the insulin B-chain 9-23 epitope points to a dominant role of insulin in diabetogenesis. Generation of NOD mice lacking the chromogranin A protein (NOD.ChgA-/-) completely nullified the autoreactivity of the BDC2.5 T cell and conferred protection from diabetes onset. These results raised the issue concerning the dominant antigen that drives the autoimmune process. Here we revisited the NOD.ChgA-/- mice and found that their lack of diabetes development may not be solely explained by the absence of chromogranin A reactivity. NOD.ChgA-/- mice displayed reduced presentation of insulin peptides in the islets and periphery, which corresponded to impaired T-cell priming. Diabetes development in these mice was restored by antibody treatment targeting regulatory T cells or inhibiting transforming growth factor-β and programmed death-1 pathways. Therefore, the global deficiency of chromogranin A impairs recognition of the major diabetogenic antigen insulin, leading to broadly impaired autoimmune responses controlled by multiple regulatory mechanisms.
Keyphrases
- type diabetes
- glycemic control
- high fat diet induced
- cardiovascular disease
- regulatory t cells
- insulin resistance
- transforming growth factor
- multiple sclerosis
- dendritic cells
- weight loss
- innate immune
- signaling pathway
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- amino acid
- drug delivery
- bone marrow
- small molecule
- single cell
- combination therapy