DNA hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes TWIST1, GATA4, MUS81 and NTRK1 in endometrial hyperplasia.

Differences in DNA methylation among the groups were found in TWIST1, GATA4, MUS81, and NTRK1 genes (TWIST1: atypical hyperplasia 67.5%, benign hyperplasia 2.5%, normal endometrium 22.5%; P < 0.00001; GATA4: atypical hyperplasia 95%, benign hyperplasia 65%, normal endometrium 22.5%; P < 0.00001; MUS81: atypical hyperplasia 57.5%, benign hyperplasia 22.5%, normal endometrium 5%; P < 0.00001; NTRK1: atypical hyperplasia 65%, benign hyperplasia 27.5%, normal endometrium 10%; P < 0.00001). Higher methylation rates were observed for the tumor suppressor genes of TWIST1, GATA4, MUS81, and NTRK1 in samples with atypical endometrial hyperplasia compared to samples with normal endometrial tissue, and higher methylation rates were found in samples with atypical endometrial hyperplasia compared to samples of benign endometrial hyperplasia. DNA methylation of TWIST1, GATA4, MUS81, and NTRK1 is involved in the pathogenesis of atypical endometrial hyperplasia.