Historical Population-Level Impact of Infant 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) National Immunization Programs on Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Australia, Canada, England and Wales, Israel, and the United States.

Countries with longstanding PCV13 infant NIPs have observed substantial direct and indirect benefits, which are demonstrated in this study by the reduction in PCV13-7 IPD incidence compared to PCV7 period in all age groups. Over time, non-PCV13 serotypes have emerged in response to the reduction of incidence of PCV13-unique serotypes. Higher-valent PCVs are needed to address this emerging pneumococcal disease burden as well as the direct vaccination of both pediatric and adult populations against the most prevalent circulating serotypes.