Eckmaxol Isolated from Ecklonia maxima Attenuates Particulate-Matter-Induced Inflammation in MH-S Lung Macrophage.
D P NagahawattaN M LiyanageH H A C K JayawardhanaThilina U JayawardenaHyo-Geun LeeMoon-Soo HeoYung Hyun ChoiPublished in: Marine drugs (2022)
Airborne particulate matter (PM) originating from industrial processes is a major threat to the environment and health in East Asia. PM can cause asthma, collateral lung tissue damage, oxidative stress, allergic reactions, and inflammation. The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of eckmaxol, a phlorotannin isolated from Ecklonia maxima , against PM-induced inflammation in MH-S macrophage cells. It was found that PM induced inflammation in MH-S lung macrophages, which was inhibited by eckmaxol treatment in a dose-dependent manner (21.0-84.12 µM). Eckmaxol attenuated the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in PM-induced lung macrophages. Subsequently, nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were downregulated. PM stimulated inflammation in MH-S lung macrophages by activating Toll-like receptors (TLRs), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Eckmaxol exhibited anti-inflammatory properties by suppressing the activation of TLRs, downstream signaling of NF-κB (p50 and p65), and MAPK pathways, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38. These findings suggest that eckmaxol may offer substantial therapeutic potential in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Keyphrases
- particulate matter
- oxidative stress
- diabetic rats
- air pollution
- induced apoptosis
- nuclear factor
- nitric oxide synthase
- nitric oxide
- signaling pathway
- high glucose
- dna damage
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- lung function
- toll like receptor
- healthcare
- rheumatoid arthritis
- pi k akt
- protein kinase
- heavy metals
- adipose tissue
- immune response
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- wastewater treatment
- risk assessment
- tyrosine kinase
- hydrogen peroxide
- cell death
- climate change
- cystic fibrosis
- inflammatory response
- stress induced
- water soluble
- allergic rhinitis