The field of lithium-sulfur batteries has benefited enormously from the advances in nanotechnology. At each step of technological improvement, lithium-sulfur batteries have relied upon techniques and methodologies brought upon by nanotechnology. Nanoporous material, heterogeneous nanocomposite, and hierarchical electrode developments have all been well-established as critical milestones for lithium-sulfur batteries. This review will briefly discuss the specific major roles of nanotechnology in lithium-sulfur batteries regarding practically relevant testing conditions in addition to research trends and future directions for electrocatalysis.