Lactate Oxidase-Instructed Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy.

Lactate oxidase (LOx) has attracted extensive interest in cancer diagnosis and therapy in recent years owing to its specific catalysis on L-lactate, its catalytic process consumes oxygen (O 2 ) and generates a large amount of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and pyruvate. Given high levels of lactate in tumor tissues and its tight correlation with tumor growth, metastasis, and recurrence, LOx-based biosensors including H 2 O 2 -based, O 2 -based, pH-sensitive, and electrochemical have been designed for cancer diagnosis, and various LOx-based cancer therapy strategies including lactate depletion based metabolic cancer therapy/immunotherapy, hypoxia activated chemotherapy, H 2 O 2 based chemodynamic therapy, and multimodal synergistic cancer therapy have also been developed. In this review, the lactate-specific catalytic properties of LOx are introduced, and the recent advances on LOx-instructed cancer diagnostic or therapeutic platforms and corresponding biological applications are summarized. Additionally, the challenges and potential of LOx-based nanomedicines are highlighted. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.