Development of pictogram-based content of self-management health information for Korean patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

This study indicates that the pictogram-based content was sufficiently well designed and received good evaluations from both patients with COPD and HCPs. Therefore, it may have prospects for enhancing self-management in patients with COPD. However, the effect of the content on the outcomes of older patients with COPD and low health literacy will need to be validated in future research.