Detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2-S1 RBD-Specific Antibodies Prior to and during the Pandemic in 2011-2021 and COVID-19 Observational Study in 2019-2021.
Nadezhda G GumanovaAlexander U GorshkovNatalya L BogdanovaAndrew I KorolevOxana M DrapkinaPublished in: Vaccines (2022)
A small percentage of SARS-CoV-2-S1 RBD-specific antibodies detected in 2011-2019 indicated possible spreading of coronaviruses during the pre-pandemic period. Collective immunity in Moscow and the Moscow region was able to reach 69% from August 2020 to October 2021 if this rate is added to the rate of not vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-S1 RBD-positive subjects.