The Fagerström and AUDIT Tests as Probable Screening Tools in Oral Cancer and Their Correlation with CYP1A1 , GSTM1 , GSTP1 , and GSTT1 Gene Expression.
Celso Muller BandeiraAdriana Ávila AlmeidaMônica Ghislaine Oliveira AlvesMaria Beatriz Nogueira PascoalJosé Francisco Sales ChagasMorun Bernardino NetoPatricia Pimentel de BarrosFabio Daumas NunesCelina Faig Lima CartaJanete Dias AlmeidaPublished in: International journal of environmental research and public health (2022)
Questionnaires designed to evaluate the degree of tobacco and alcohol exposure and dependence combined with gene expression tests can be useful to assess the risk of developing oral cancer. Furthermore, raising the awareness of individuals regarding their degree of dependence and encouraging them to participate in cessation programs are important educational measures for the prevention of tobacco-related malignancies.