This article discusses the conversion of electrodeposited iodine to polyiodides within the nanopores of carbon electrodes that affect the performance of iodide electrolyte-based electrochemical cells. Here, carbon electrodes have been polarized in aqueous sodium iodide electrolyte to store charge in the form of solid iodine via highly reversible reaction (2I-⇌I2+2e-). The stored iodine within the pores interacts with free iodide ions present in the bulk electrolyte via comproportionation reactions leading to polyiodide (I3 - and I5 -) formations. By tuning the mass asymmetry of carbon electrodes in hybrid cells and using the in-situ Raman spectroscopy on positive battery electrode, we show the influence of iodine/polyiodides equilibrium shifts on the self-discharge and voltage rebounds during open circuit conditions. This study provides insights into the charging mechanisms of carbon electrodes for iodine-based hybrid supercapacitors and battery systems.
Keyphrases
- solid state
- induced apoptosis
- dual energy
- cell cycle arrest
- ionic liquid
- reduced graphene oxide
- raman spectroscopy
- carbon nanotubes
- cell death
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- gold nanoparticles
- molecular dynamics
- computed tomography
- signaling pathway
- minimally invasive
- magnetic resonance imaging
- quantum dots
- climate change
- cell proliferation
- mass spectrometry
- pi k akt
- electron transfer