Relating American Football Age of First Exposure to Patient-Reported Outcomes and Medical Diagnoses Among Former National Football League Players: An NFL-LONG study.
Landon B LempkeSamuel R WaltonBenjamin L BrettAvinash ChandranJ D DeFreeseRebekah MannixRuben J EchemendiaMichael A McCreaKevin M GuskiewiczWilliam P MeehanZachary Yukio KerrPublished in: Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) (2022)
AFE was significantly associated with PROMIS outcomes, albeit low-strength associations (i.e., effect sizes), but not with diagnoses. Our findings indicate AFE is a significant but minor contributing factor for health-related quality of life in this cohort. Future work should incorporate additional characterizations of cumulative head impacts and related factors when examining long-term outcomes associated with football participation.