Intra- and inter-rater reliabilities and differences of kyphotic angle measurements on ultrasound images versus radiographs for children with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a preliminary study.

The ultrasound spinous process method was reliable to measure the KA. Although there was a systematic bias on the US measurements, after the correction, the MAD of the US and radiographic KA was 2.9 ± 1.6°. Using US allows clinicians to monitor KA without exposing children to ionizing radiation.