Listening to familiar music induces continuous inhibition of alpha and low-beta power.

How the brain responds temporally and spectrally when we listen to familiar versus unfamiliar musical sequences remains unclear. This study uses EEG techniques to investigate the continuous electrophysiological changes in the human brain during passive listening to familiar and unfamiliar musical excerpts. EEG activity was recorded in 20 participants while they passively listened to 10 s of classical music, and they were then asked to indicate their self-assessment of familiarity. We analyzed the EEG data in two manners: familiarity based on the within-subject design, i.e., averaging trials for each condition and participant, and familiarity based on the same music excerpt, i.e., averaging trials for each condition and music excerpt. By comparing the familiar condition with the unfamiliar condition and the local baseline, sustained low-beta power (12-16 Hz) suppression was observed in both analyses in fronto-central and left frontal electrodes after 800 ms. However, sustained alpha power (8-12 Hz) decreased in fronto-central and posterior electrodes after 850 ms only in the first type of analysis. Our study indicates that listening to familiar music elicits a late sustained spectral response (inhibition of alpha/low-beta power from 800 ms to 10 s). Moreover, the results showed that alpha suppression reflects increased attention or arousal/engagement due to listening to familiar music; nevertheless, low-beta suppression exhibits the effect of familiarity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study differentiates the dynamic temporal-spectral effects during listening to 10 s of familiar music compared with unfamiliar music. This study highlights that listening to familiar music leads to continuous suppression in the alpha and low-beta bands. This suppression starts ∼800 ms after the stimulus onset.