Effects of COVID-19 Financial and Social Hardships on Infants' and Toddlers' Development in the ECHO Program.
Sara S NozadiXimin LiXiangrong KongBrandon RennieDeborah KandaDebra MacKenzieLi LuoJonathan PosnerCourtney K BlackwellLisa A CroenAssiamira FerraraThomas G O'ConnorEmily ZimmermanAkhgar GhassabianLeslie D LeveAmy J ElliottRebecca J SchmidtJenna L N SprowlesJohnnye L LewisPublished in: International journal of environmental research and public health (2023)
Negative developmental changes from pre- to during-pandemic were found in boys, yet we did not find any associations between increased experience of pandemic-related hardships and children's development. E how pandemic hardships affect development using a larger sample size and with longer follow-up is warranted.