Cross-validation of the Trail Making Test as a non-memory-based embedded performance validity test among veterans with and without cognitive impairment.

Embedded PVTs derived from TMT Parts A and B raw and T-scores were able to accurately differentiate valid from invalid neuropsychological performance among veterans without cognitive impairment; however, the demographically corrected T-scores generally were more robust and consistent with prior studies compared to raw scores. By contrast, TMT embedded PVTs had poor accuracy and low sensitivity among veterans with cognitive impairment, suggesting limited utility as PVTs among populations with cognitive dysfunction.