Internal mammary artery perforator flap in the management of tracheoesophageal fistulae.

Published in: The Journal of laryngology and otology (2024)

Recent advances in angiosomal territory mapping and microvascular dissection techniques, combined with an understanding of tracheoesophageal fistula pathology, have changed management perspectives in these difficult-to-treat patients.

Keyphrases

end stage renal disease
ejection fraction
chronic kidney disease
high resolution
prognostic factors
breast reconstruction
soft tissue