The treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has evolved over the past few years with the advent of next-generation sequencing. Targeted therapies alone or in combination with low-dose or high-intensity chemotherapy have improved the outcome of patients with AML treated in the frontline and relapsed/refractory settings. Despite these advances, allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) remains essential as consolidation therapy following frontline treatment in intermediate-and adverse-risk and relapsed/refractory disease. However, many patients relapse, with limited treatment options, hence the need for post-transplant strategies to mitigate relapse risk. Maintenance therapy following allo-HCT was developed for this specific purpose and can exploit either a direct anti-leukemia effect and/or enhance the bona fide graft-versus-leukemia effect without increasing the risk of graft-versus-host disease. In this paper, we summarize novel therapies for AML before, during, and after allo-HCT and review ongoing studies.
Keyphrases
- acute myeloid leukemia
- stem cell transplantation
- high intensity
- allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
- high dose
- low dose
- newly diagnosed
- end stage renal disease
- ejection fraction
- gene expression
- cell cycle arrest
- acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- stem cells
- dna methylation
- radiation therapy
- combination therapy
- prognostic factors
- mesenchymal stem cells
- patient reported outcomes
- signaling pathway
- cell free
- body composition
- electronic health record