A Group-Based Modeling Approach to Identify Developmental Trajectories of Nicotine Dependence Among Lebanese Adolescents Waterpipe Smokers.
Mohammad Ebrahimi KalanRaed BahelahZoran BursacKenneth D WardZiyad Ben TalebMalak TleisRime JebaiTaghrid AsfarThomas EissenbergWasim MaziakPublished in: Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (2022)
The results from this study showed a four-class trajectory of ICD-10-ND criteria and suggested that every ND trajectory class during adolescence could have distinctive characteristics and therefore provides new insights into the process of ND in terms of when and what specific interventions are needed to curb the development of ND and long-term WP smoking among youth.