Compliance, Adherence and Concordance Differently Predict the Improvement of Uremic and Microbial Toxins in Chronic Kidney Disease on Low Protein Diet.

This study demonstrates that LPD may improve the control of traditional uremic toxins and atherogenic toxins in "adherent" and "concordant" patients. A comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach is needed to evaluate the compliance/adherence/concordance to LPD for optimizing nutritional interventions.