Retrograde cricopharyngeal dysfunction (R-CPD): What do we know so far?

Published in: World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery (2023)

High-resolution manometry (HRM) is the definitive diagnostic modality. Most patients reported in the literature responded well to treatment with botulinum toxin injection.

Keyphrases

botulinum toxin
high resolution
end stage renal disease
ejection fraction
chronic kidney disease
newly diagnosed
systematic review
peritoneal dialysis
oxidative stress
mass spectrometry
ultrasound guided
patient reported outcomes
combination therapy
rectal cancer