Circulating biomarkers associated with placental dysfunction and their utility for predicting fetal growth restriction.
Jesrine HongSailesh KumarPublished in: Clinical science (London, England : 1979) (2023)
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) leading to low birth weight (LBW) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Normal placental development involves a series of highly regulated processes involving a multitude of hormones, transcription factors, and cell lineages. Failure to achieve this leads to placental dysfunction and related placental diseases such as pre-clampsia and FGR. Early recognition of at-risk pregnancies is important because careful maternal and fetal surveillance can potentially prevent adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes by judicious pregnancy surveillance and careful timing of birth. Given the association between a variety of circulating maternal biomarkers, adverse pregnancy, and perinatal outcomes, screening tests based on these biomarkers, incorporating maternal characteristics, fetal biophysical or circulatory variables have been developed. However, their clinical utility has yet to be proven. Of the current biomarkers, placental growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 appear to have the most promise for placental dysfunction and predictive utility for FGR.
Keyphrases
- adipose tissue
- pregnancy outcomes
- tyrosine kinase
- preterm birth
- insulin resistance
- growth factor
- low birth weight
- birth weight
- pregnant women
- gestational age
- epidermal growth factor receptor
- public health
- transcription factor
- preterm infants
- oxidative stress
- human milk
- stem cells
- big data
- physical activity
- weight loss
- type diabetes
- deep learning
- adverse drug