Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate for Acute Bronchiolitis: Evaluation of the Effect on Clinical Course and Outcomes.

The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of intravenous (IV) magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ) for children with bronchiolitis. A retrospective cohort study was performed at a pediatric emergency department. Aged between 1 and 24 months, children with moderate/severe bronchiolitis according to the Modified Respiratory Distress Assessment Instrument (mRDAI) score were included. Patients who received 40 mg/kg/dose of IV MgSO 4 (group 1, n: 74) or not (group 2, n: 33) were compared. Respiratory rate and mRDAI score significantly decreased at the second hour of MgSO 4 treatment and the decrease was observed for 4th, 8th, and 12th hours, compared with group 2. Patients in group 2 had a higher rate of requirement and an earlier start high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy and a longer hospital stay than group 1. Intravenous MgSO 4 provided significant improvement on clinical severity, need for respiratory support, length of hospital stay, and outcomes.