Large-Scale Synthesis of a Niche Olefin Metathesis Catalyst Bearing an Unsymmetrical N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Ligand and its Application in a Green Pharmaceutical Context.
Tomasz NienałtowskiPaweł SzczepanikPaweł MałeckiDorota Czajkowska-SzczykowskaStefan CzarnockiJolanta PawłowskaAnna KajetanowiczKarol GrelaPublished in: Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) (2020)
A large-scale synthesis of known Ru olefin metathesis catalyst VII featuring an unsymmetrical N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand with one 2,5-diisopropylphenyl (DIPP) and one thiophenylmethylene N-substituent is reported. The optimised procedure does not require column chromatography in any step and allows for preparation of up to 0.5 kg batches of the catalyst from simple precursors. The application profile of the obtained catalyst was studied in environmentally friendly dimethyl carbonate (DMC). Although VII exhibited low efficiency in cross-metathesis (CM) with electron-deficient partners, good to excellent results were noted for substrates featuring easy to isomerise C-C double bonds. This includes polyfunctional substrates of medicinal chemistry interest, such as analogues of psychoactive 5F-PB-22 and NM-2201 and two PDE5 inhibitors-Sildenafil and Vardenafil. Finally, a larger scale ring-closing metathesis (RCM) of a Vardenafil derivative was conducted in DMC, allowing for straightforward isolation of the expected product (23 g) in high yield and with low Ru contamination level (7.7 ppm).
Keyphrases
- room temperature
- ionic liquid
- reduced graphene oxide
- highly efficient
- metal organic framework
- carbon dioxide
- visible light
- mass spectrometry
- risk assessment
- liquid chromatography
- heavy metals
- pulmonary arterial hypertension
- molecular docking
- minimally invasive
- pulmonary hypertension
- drinking water
- high speed
- energy transfer
- health risk
- tandem mass spectrometry
- human health
- solid phase extraction
- antiretroviral therapy