Crosstalk between Stress Granules, Exosomes, Tumour Antigens, and Immune Cells: Significance for Cancer Immunity.
Vinoth Kumar KothandanSangeetha KothandanDo Hee KimYoungro ByunYong-Kyu LeeIn-Kyu ParkSeung-Rim HwangPublished in: Vaccines (2020)
RNA granules and exosomes produced by tumour cells under various stresses in the microenvironment act as critical determinants of cell survival by promoting angiogenesis, cancer metastasis, chemoresistance, and immunosuppression. Meanwhile, developmental cancer/testis (CT) antigens that are normally sequestered in male germ cells of the testes, but which are overexpressed in malignant tumour cells, can function as tumour antigens triggering immune responses. As CT antigens are potential vaccine candidates for use in cancer immunotherapy, they could be targeted together with crosstalk between stress granules, exosomes, and immune cells for a synergistic effect. In this review, we describe the effects of exosomes and exosomal components presented to the recipient cells under different types of stresses on immune cells and cancer progression. Furthermore, we discuss their significance for cancer immunity, as well as the outlook for their future application.
Keyphrases
- papillary thyroid
- induced apoptosis
- squamous cell
- stem cells
- mesenchymal stem cells
- cell cycle arrest
- immune response
- dendritic cells
- computed tomography
- magnetic resonance imaging
- lymph node metastasis
- cell death
- risk assessment
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- childhood cancer
- signaling pathway
- young adults
- oxidative stress
- drug delivery
- magnetic resonance
- positron emission tomography
- pi k akt
- heat stress