Electrochemical and Mechanistic Study of Reactivities of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-Tocopherol toward Electrogenerated Superoxide in N , N -Dimethylformamide through Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer.

Scavenging of superoxide radical anion (O 2 •- ) by tocopherols (TOH) and related compounds was investigated on the basis of cyclic voltammetry and in situ electrolytic electron spin resonance spectrum in N , N -dimethylformamide (DMF) with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Quasi-reversible dioxygen/O 2 •- redox was modified by the presence of TOH, suggesting that the electrogenerated O 2 •- was scavenged by α-, β-, γ-TOH through proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET), but not by δ-TOH. The reactivities of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-TOH toward O 2 •- characterized by the methyl group on the 6-chromanol ring was experimentally confirmed, where the methyl group promotes the PCET mechanism. Furthermore, comparative analyses using some related compounds suggested that the para -oxygen-atom in the 6-chromanol ring is required for a successful electron transfer (ET) to O 2 •- through the PCET. The electrochemical and DFT results in dehydrated DMF suggested that the PCET mechanism involves the preceding proton transfer (PT) forming a hydroperoxyl radical, followed by a PCET (intermolecular ET-PT). The O 2 •- scavenging by TOH proceeds efficiently along the PCET mechanism involving one ET and two PTs.