Energetic costs of testosterone in two subsistence populations.
Benjamin C TrumbleHerman PontzerJonathan StieglitzDaniel K CummingsBrian WoodMelissa Emery ThompsonDavid RaichlenBret BeheimGandhi YetishHillard KaplanMichael GurvenPublished in: American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council (2023)
These results suggest that a high testosterone phenotype, while beneficial for male reproduction, is also energetically expensive and likely only possible to maintain in healthy males in robust condition.