Involvement of TGF-β and ROS in G1 Cell Cycle Arrest Induced by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Under UVA Irradiation in a 3D Spheroid Model.
Yuanyuan RenRunqing GengQunwei LuXi TanRong RaoHong ZhouXiangliang YangWei LiuPublished in: International journal of nanomedicine (2020)
Nano-TiO2 under UVA irradiation induced cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and the formation of smaller spheroids, which were associated with TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway activation and ROS generation. These results reveal the toxic mechanism of nano-TiO2 under UVA irradiation, providing the possibility for 3D spheroid models to be used in nanotoxicology studies.
Keyphrases
- cell cycle arrest
- cell death
- pi k akt
- transforming growth factor
- signaling pathway
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- quantum dots
- dna damage
- cell proliferation
- radiation induced
- reactive oxygen species
- visible light
- genome wide
- diabetic rats
- dna methylation
- induced apoptosis
- radiation therapy
- single cell
- oxidative stress
- endothelial cells