Risk of non-syndromic orofacial clefts by maternal rural-urban residence and race/ethnicity: A population-based case-control study in Washington State 1989-2014.

Flavia Penteado Kapos Lauren A White Kelsey A SchmidtStephen E HawesJacqueline R Starr

Published in: Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology (2020)

Infants born to rural mothers and to American Indian mothers in Washington State during 1989-2014 were at higher OFC risk before and after US-mandated folic acid fortification.

Keyphrases

south africa
birth weight
gestational age
intellectual disability
low birth weight
preterm infants
preterm birth