Characterization of Optimized TiO2 Nanotubes Morphology for Medical Implants: Biological Activity and Corrosion Resistance.

Compared to both non-anodized and amorphous nanotubes layers, the crystallized nano-structures' outstanding bioactivity was related to the remarkable increase in their hydrophilic behavior, while the enhanced electrochemical stability was ascribed to the thickening of the dense rutile barrier layer at the Ti surface beneath the nanotubes.