Riociguat and the right ventricle in pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
Raymond L BenzaDavid LanglebenAnna R HemnesAnton Vonk NoordegraafStephan RosenkranzThenappan ThenappanPaul M HassounIoana R PrestonStefano GhioRoberto BadagliaccaCarmine Dario VizzaIrene M LangChristian MeierEkkehard GrünigPublished in: European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society (2022)
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) are progressive diseases that can lead to right heart failure and death. Right ventricular dysfunction, hypertrophy and maladaptive remodelling are consequences of increased right ventricular (RV) afterload in PAH and CTEPH and are indicative of long-term outcomes. Because RV failure is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in PAH and CTEPH, successful treatments should lead to improvements in RV parameters. Riociguat is a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator approved for the treatment of PAH and inoperable or persistent/recurrent CTEPH after pulmonary endarterectomy. This review examines the current evidence showing the effect of riociguat on the right ventricle, with particular focus on remodelling, function and structural parameters in preclinical models and patients with PAH or CTEPH.
Keyphrases
- pulmonary hypertension
- pulmonary arterial hypertension
- pulmonary artery
- mycobacterium tuberculosis
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- heart failure
- atrial fibrillation
- multiple sclerosis
- oxidative stress
- left ventricular
- squamous cell carcinoma
- stem cells
- radiation therapy
- coronary artery bypass grafting
- mesenchymal stem cells
- acute coronary syndrome
- combination therapy
- replacement therapy