Through the Looking Glass: Updated Insights on Ovarian Cancer Diagnostics.
Sourav ChakrabortyPriti S ShenoyMegha MehrotraPratham PhadtePrerna SinghBharat RekhiPritha RayPublished in: Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) (2023)
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the deadliest gynaecological malignancy and the eighth most prevalent cancer in women, with an abysmal mortality rate of two million worldwide. The existence of multiple overlapping symptoms with other gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and gynaecological maladies often leads to late-stage diagnosis and extensive extra-ovarian metastasis. Due to the absence of any clear early-stage symptoms, current tools only aid in the diagnosis of advanced-stage patients, wherein the 5-year survival plummets further to less than 30%. Therefore, there is a dire need for the identification of novel approaches that not only allow early diagnosis of the disease but also have a greater prognostic value. Toward this, biomarkers provide a gamut of powerful and dynamic tools to allow the identification of a spectrum of different malignancies. Both serum cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) and human epididymis 4 (HE4) are currently being used in clinics not only for EOC but also peritoneal and GI tract cancers. Screening of multiple biomarkers is gradually emerging as a beneficial strategy for early-stage diagnosis, proving instrumental in administration of first-line chemotherapy. These novel biomarkers seem to exhibit an enhanced potential as a diagnostic tool. This review summarizes existing knowledge of the ever-growing field of biomarker identification along with potential future ones, especially for ovarian cancer.
Keyphrases
- early stage
- papillary thyroid
- squamous cell
- endothelial cells
- end stage renal disease
- primary care
- bioinformatics analysis
- newly diagnosed
- healthcare
- ejection fraction
- cardiovascular events
- lymph node metastasis
- human health
- squamous cell carcinoma
- prognostic factors
- sentinel lymph node
- sleep quality
- risk assessment
- type diabetes
- young adults
- radiation therapy
- risk factors
- patient reported
- neoadjuvant chemotherapy