Densely Packed Li-Metal Growth on Anodeless Electrodes by Li + -Flux Control in Space-Confined Narrow Gap of Stratified Carbon Pack for High-Performance Li-Metal Batteries.

Lithium (Li) is the "holy grail" for satisfying the increasing energy demand. This is because of its high theoretical capacity and low potential. Although Li is considered as a potential anode material, dendritic Li growth and the limited electrochemical properties continue to hinder its practical application. Structure-based self lithium ion (Li + ) concentrating electrodes with high capacity and uniform Li + -flux are recommended to overcome these shortcomings of Li. However, recent studies have been limited to structural perspectives. In addition, the electrokinetic principle of electrode materials remains a challenge. Herein, the space-confinement-based strategy is suggested for condensed Li + -flux control in nanoscaled slit spaces that induce the dense Li growth on an anodeless electrode by using the stratified carbon pack (SCP). The micro/mesoporous slits of the SCP concentrate the electric field, which is strengthened by the space-confined electric field focusing, resulting in the accumulation of Li + -flux in the host. The accumulated Li + in host sites enables a uniform Li deposition with high capacity at high current density stably. Furthermore, SCPs have great compatibility with LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 (NCM811) cathode, representing the outstanding full cell performance with Li deposited electrode which show the high specific of 115 mAh g -1 at 4 C during 350 cycles.