Antioxidant-Enriched Diet on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Gene Expression: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is associated with beneficial effects against chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs). In particular, the content of micronutrients leads to an improvement of the oxidative and inflammatory profiles. A randomized, parallel, controlled study, on 24 subjects, was conducted to evaluate if 2-week supplementation with a mixed apple and bergamot juice (MAB juice), had a positive impact on the body composition, the biochemical profile, and oxidative and inflammatory gene expression ( Superoxide dismutase ( SOD1 ), Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ ( PPARγ ), catalase ( CAT ), chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 ( CCL5 ), Nuclear Factor Kappa B Subunit 1 ( NFKB1 ), Vitamin D Receptor ( VDR ), and Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor ( MIF )), respect to a MedDiet. Body composition evaluation analysis showed a gain in lean mass ( p < 0.01). Moreover, a significant reduction in total cholesterol/HDL index ( p < 0.01) was pointed out between the two groups. Gene expression analysis highlighted an increase in MIF ( p ≤ 0.05), PPARγ ( p < 0.001), SOD1 ( p ≤ 0.05), and VDR ( p ≤ 0.05) expressions when comparing MedDiet and MedDiet + MAB juice groups. These data based on the nutrigenomics approach demonstrated that supplementing 2 weeks of MAB juice to the MedDiet could contribute to a reduction in the risk of CNCDs.