In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Essential Oil and β-Bisabolol Derived from Cotton Gin Trash.
Mary A EgbutaShane McIntoshDaniel L E WatersTony VancovLei LiuPublished in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Natural α-bisabolol has been widely used in cosmetics and is sourced mainly from the stems of Candeia trees that have become endangered due to over exploitation. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of cotton gin trash (CGT) essential oil and the major terpenoid (β-bisabolol) purified from the oil were investigated against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages as well as the 3t3 and HS27 fibroblast cell lines. Nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 8 (IL-8) were measured using Greiss reagent, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and cytokine bead array (CBA)-flow cytometry. Non-toxic concentrations of CGT oil and β-bisabolol (1.6-50.0 µg/mL) significantly inhibited the production of the inflammatory mediators in a dose-dependent manner. Maximal inhibition by β-bisabolol was 55.5% for NO, 62.3% for PGE 2 , and 45.3% for TNF-α production in RAW cells. β-Bisabolol induced a level of inhibition similar to an equal concentration of α-bisabolol (50.0 µg/mL), a known anti-inflammatory agent. These results suggest β-bisabolol exerts similar in vitro effects to known topical anti-inflammatory agents and could therefore be exploited for cosmetic and therapeutic uses. This is the first study to report the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of β-bisabolol in CGT essential oil.
Keyphrases
- essential oil
- anti inflammatory
- nitric oxide
- rheumatoid arthritis
- flow cytometry
- inflammatory response
- high throughput
- induced apoptosis
- blood pressure
- high resolution
- fatty acid
- toll like receptor
- signaling pathway
- immune response
- cell proliferation
- high glucose
- lps induced
- nitric oxide synthase
- mass spectrometry
- diabetic rats
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- high speed
- drug induced
- pi k akt
- stress induced