Exploring feedback-controlled versus open-circuit electrochemical lipolysis in ex vivo and in vivo porcine fat: A feasibility study.

V-ECLL and P-ECLL at the aforementioned dosimetry parameters both achieved fat necrosis by adipocyte membrane lysis and denuclearization. The -2.5 V and -3.5 V P-ECLL treatments created spatially similar fat necrotic effects when compared to the 5 V V-ECLL treatment. Quantitatively, total charge transfer between dosimetry parameters suggests that -2.5 V P-ECLL and 5 V V-ECLL produce comparable electrochemical reactions. Such findings suggest that a low-voltage closed-loop potentiostat-based system is capable of inducing fat necrosis to a similar extent compared to that of a higher voltage direct current system.