Assessment of Pain, Anxiety, and Cortisol Levels During the Initial Aligning Phase of Fixed Orthodontic Treatment.

Alev Aksoy Mine Gecgelen Cesur Birsen Harun Dağdeviren Yasemin Alpağan Özkaynak Gizem Karacin Fatih Gültekin

Published in: Turkish journal of orthodontics (2019)

Orthodontic appliances and the initial alignment phase of orthodontic treatment affect patients' anxiety and cortisol hormone levels. Both archwires were equally effective with regard to perceived pain, anxiety, and stress hormone levels.

Keyphrases

chronic pain
end stage renal disease
sleep quality
pain management
neuropathic pain
chronic kidney disease
depressive symptoms
physical activity
mental health
peritoneal dialysis
social support
spinal cord
patient reported outcomes
patient reported