In vivo fluid transport in human intervertebral discs varies by spinal level and disc region.
John T MartinBenjamin WesorickAlexander B OldweilerAndrzej S KosinskiAdam P GoodeLouis E DeFratePublished in: JOR spine (2022)
Fluid transport varied by spinal level, where transport was greatest in the most cranial lumbar discs and decreased from cranial to caudal along the lumbar spine. Future work should evaluate what level-dependent factors affect transport.