Allocating capital-associated CO 2 emissions along the full lifespan of capital investments helps diffuse emission responsibility.

Capital assets such as machinery and infrastructure contribute substantially to CO 2 emissions over their lifetime. Unique features of capital assets such as their long durability complicate the assignment of capital-associated CO 2 emissions to final beneficiaries. Whereas conventional approaches allocate emissions required to produce capital assets to the year of formation, we propose an alternative perspective through allocating required emissions from the production of assets over their entire lifespans. We show that allocating CO 2 emissions embodied in capital assets over time relieves emission responsibility for the year of formation, with 25‒46% reductions from conventional emission accounts. This temporal allocation, although virtual, is important for assessing the equity of CO 2 emissions across generations due to the inertia of capital assets. To re-allocate emission responsibilities to the future, we design three capital investment scenarios with different investment purposes until 2030. Overall, the existing capital in 2017 will still carry approximately 10% responsibilities of China's CO 2 emissions in 2030, and could reach more than 40% for capital-intensive service sectors.